What Is Next Generation Computing? Insights from experts

As technology evolves, next-generation computing emerges as a transformative concept redefining how we process information. But what exactly does "next-generation computing" mean? At its core, it represents the development of advanced technologies—quantum, photonic, neuromorphic, and beyond—that address the growing complexity and scale of computational challenges while tackling the limitations of traditional computing.

During the launch of the Next Generation Computing Stream at the Creative Destruction Lab (CDL), leading experts debated the meaning, scope, and potential of this frontier. Supported by Dieter Schwarz Stiftung, in collaboration with Institute for Deep Tech Innovation (DEEP) at ESMT Berlin, the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Institute (IEI) at HEC Paris, TUM Campus Heilbronn, and Campus Founders, mentors from the program shared their perspectives, offering a glimpse into the promises and hurdles of this new computing paradigm.

Defining Next Generation Computing

Unlike traditional computing based on silicon-based architectures, next-generation computing, next-generation technologies, or next-generation computers, explores alternative approaches that break free from the constraints of Moore's Law. These technologies aim to: 

1.     Process complex problems exponentially faster.

2.     Use energy more efficiently.

3.     Handle tasks beyond the capacity of classical computers, such as simulating molecular interactions or solving optimization problems.

Although there is no consensus and a variety of promises exist, three primary technologies dominate this field: quantum computing, neuromorphic computing, and photonic computing. Each offers unique strengths and faces distinct challenges, raising the question of whether one technology will emerge as the standard—or if a hybrid approach will define the future.

Quantum Computing: Powering the Impossible

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to process information in fundamentally new ways. By using qubits instead of classical bits, quantum computers can perform calculations exponentially faster for specific problems, such as drug discovery, cryptography, and AI optimization.

Renata Jovanovic, CDL mentor and Deloitte’s Global Quantum Ambassador, highlighted its game-changing potential but tempered expectations:

“Quantum computing offers unmatched power for niche applications, but scalability, error correction, and unclear modalities—superconducting qubits, neutral atoms, or trapped ions—pose significant barriers to mass adoption.” 

Ludwig von Reiche, CDL mentor and NVIDIA Corporation Managing Director, elaborated on quantum's transformative potential:

"Quantum computing is a once-in-a-century innovation. However, to truly integrate it into industries, we need substantial progress in software development and accessibility."

CDL mentors, Carlo Sirtori, Professor at École Normale Supérieure, and Rick Hao, Partner on Speedinvest's Deep Tech team - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles 

Quantum computing’s immense energy requirements also present a challenge. As Carlo Sirtori, CDL mentor and Professor at École Normale Supérieure, pointed out: 

“It won’t be a laptop in the next 20 years, but quantum will provide a phenomenal way to compute what we can’t today, helping us rethink binary logic and transform our perception of reality. But, while quantum computing opens new frontiers, it is not yet a silver bullet for general-purpose tasks.”

Neuromorphic Computing: Inspired by the Brain

Neuromorphic computing mimics the architecture of the human brain, using spiking neural networks to process information with extreme energy efficiency. This approach is particularly suited for edge computing, real-time decision-making, and applications requiring low-power consumption, such as autonomous vehicles.

Jens Kahrweg, CDL mentor and COO at Samsung Semiconductor, emphasized neuromorphic computing’s relevance to solving current bottlenecks:

“Next-generation computing isn’t just about redefining computing but pushing it to the next level. Solving issues like in-memory compute will allow us to tackle more complex use cases. This, coupled with neuromorphic systems, can bypass the inefficiencies of transferring data between memory and processors, offering solutions for real-world applications.”

However, its limitations lie in scalability and its focus on specific use cases rather than broad applicability. Krishna Raj, a participant from the HEC Paris Executive MBA program, provided practical feedback:

"Neuromorphic computing might not replace traditional systems entirely, but its energy efficiency makes it ideal for decentralized, real-time applications like IoT."

Photonic Computing: Harnessing Light’s Speed

Photonic computing uses light particles (photons) instead of electrons to perform calculations, enabling incredibly fast data transfer speeds with minimal heat production. Unlike quantum and neuromorphic systems, photonic computing builds on well-understood principles, making it a promising bridge technology before quantum computing becomes viable.

Thomas Andrae, CDL mentor and Founding Partner of Linden Capital - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles 

Thomas Andrae, CDL mentor and Founding Partner of Linden Capital, sees photonic computing as a crucial steppingstone:

“Photonic systems can already address challenges in data centers and high-performance computing, offering a practical, scalable alternative until quantum becomes commercially viable.”

Quantum vs. Neuromorphic vs. Photonic: A Battle or Collaboration?

The debate among experts suggests that next-generation computing may not have a single winner. Instead, each technology could dominate specific domains:

• Quantum computing: Best suited for niche, high-impact applications like molecular simulations and optimization problems.

• Neuromorphic computing: Ideal for real-time, energy-efficient tasks such as autonomous driving and edge AI.

• Photonic computing: Poised to revolutionize data centers and high-speed communication, acting as a bridge until other technologies mature.

Renata Jovanovic, CDL mentor and Deloitte’s Global Quantum Ambassador - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles 

Quantum computing is already revolutionizing industries, from drug discovery to AI advancements, yet challenges remain. But, Renata Jovanovic emphasized the need for talent and technological breakthroughs.

“We don’t yet know which modalities—superconducting qubits, neutral atoms, or ions—will prevail. Each has unique advantages and challenges.”

Karen Bach, CDL mentor and Chair of tech businesses, emphasized the practical implications:

“Next-generation computing isn’t just about the technology. It’s about delivering meaningful solutions that are more efficient and impactful across industries.”

Inge Kerkloh-Devif, CDL-Paris Co-site Lead & Senior Executive Director at HEC Paris, summarized this multi-faceted landscape:

“It’s about collaboration. Each approach contributes to a more sustainable and capable computing ecosystem.”

Inge Kerkloh-Devif, CDL-Paris Co-site Lead & Senior Executive Director at HEC Paris - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles

Broader Challenges: Beyond Technology

Technological breakthroughs alone won’t define next-generation computing’s success. Several systemic issues must be addressed:

• Talent Development: The skills gap remains a major obstacle.

• Sovereignty: Europe must invest in independent computing ecosystems to remain competitive globally.

• Economic Models: High costs require innovative funding strategies to incentivize research and commercialization.

Francis de Véricourt, CDL Academic Lead & Moderator and Professor at ESMT Berlin, underlined the importance of aligning innovation with societal needs:

"Next-generation computing must solve real-world problems, from addressing climate change to advancing healthcare, ensuring the technology has purpose and utility."

Brian Standen, CDL mentor and Global Head of Digital Innovation at BASF, highlighted the practical difficulties:

“Transitioning to next-generation systems often requires rewriting entire tech stacks, which is a daunting task for most organizations.”

Francis de Véricourt, CDL Academic Lead & Moderator and Professor at ESMT Berlin - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles 

A Glimpse of the Future: The Role of Startups

Startups play a pivotal role in advancing next-generation computing. The session featured groundbreaking ventures addressing challenges in those technologies. From transforming industrial R&D and secure communications, all the way to enabling low-power and edge AI[AC1] , delivering high-performance solutions for telecommunications and data-intensive industries. As Thorsten Lambertus, Site Lead at CDL-Berlin, noted:

“We’re selecting the best scientific breakthroughs and founders to drive innovation forward. Quantum might lead the charge, but there’s so much more—semiconductors, photonics, and resource-efficient technologies. Startups drive the experimental edge of next-generation computing. By fostering these ventures, we unlock the future of technology.”

CDL Venture Founder - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles 

A European Vision

The collaborative effort between HEC Paris and ESMT Berlin is about more than just technology—it’s about building European sovereignty. Inge Kerkloh-Devif, stressed the geopolitical importance:

“Keeping Europe at the forefront of scientific innovation is essential. Sovereignty in quantum and next-generation computing ensures we’re not dependent on other regions like the US or China.”

This sentiment was echoed by France’s Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Noël Barrot (H.07 and member of the HEC Research Faculty), who attended the session to emphasize Europe’s commitment to innovation, calling for greater synergy between public and private funding. Learn more about the first session and the participation of the minister at the program's opening.

Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Noël Barrot and Inge Kerkloh-Devif - Photos by: © Ana Torres / Jeremy Knowles